home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- United Kingdom
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of
- Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of
- France
- Map references:
- Europe
- Area:
- total area:
- 244,820 sq km
- land area:
- 241,590 sq km
- comparative area:
- slightly smaller than Oregon
- note:
- includes Rockall and Shetland Islands
- Land boundaries:
- total 360 km, Ireland 360 km
- Coastline:
- 12,429 km
- Maritime claims:
- continental shelf:
- as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon
- boundaries
- exclusive fishing zone:
- 200 nm
- territorial sea:
- 12 nm
- International disputes:
- Northern Ireland question with Ireland; Gibraltar question with Spain;
- Argentina claims Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas); Argentina claims South
- Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Mauritius claims island of Diego
- Garcia in British Indian Ocean Territory; Rockall continental shelf dispute
- involving Denmark, Iceland, and Ireland (Ireland and the UK have signed a
- boundary agreement in the Rockall area); territorial claim in Antarctica
- (British Antarctic Territory)
- Climate:
- temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic
- Current; more than half of the days are overcast
- Terrain:
- mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and
- southeast
- Natural resources:
- coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk,
- gypsum, lead, silica
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 29%
- permanent crops:
- 0%
- meadows and pastures:
- 48%
- forest and woodland:
- 9%
- other:
- 14%
- Irrigated land:
- 1,570 sq km (1989)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- United Kingdom
- Geography
- Environment:
- current issues:
- sulfur dioxide emissions from power plants contribute to air pollution; some
- rivers polluted by agricultural wastes and coastal waters polluted because
- of large-scale disposal of sewage at sea
- natural hazards:
- NA
- international agreements:
- party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
- Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
- Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous
- Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone
- Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling;
- signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental
- Protocol, Desertification
- Note:
- lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and now
- linked by tunnel under the English Channel; because of heavily indented
- coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- United Kingdom
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 58,295,119 (July 1995 est.)
- Age structure:
- 0-14 years:
- 19% (female 5,572,189; male 5,843,192)
- 15-64 years:
- 65% (female 18,723,583; male 18,935,931)
- 65 years and over:
- 16% (female 5,471,383; male 3,748,841) (July 1995 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 0.27% (1995 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 13.18 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Death rate:
- 10.66 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- 0.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 77 years
- male:
- 74.18 years
- female:
- 79.95 years (1995 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 1.82 children born/woman (1995 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Briton(s), British (collective plural)
- adjective:
- British
- Ethnic divisions:
- English 81.5%, Scottish 9.6%, Irish 2.4%, Welsh 1.9%, Ulster 1.8%, West
- Indian, Indian, Pakistani, and other 2.8%
- Religions:
- Anglican 27 million, Roman Catholic 9 million, Muslim 1 million,
- Presbyterian 800,000, Methodist 760,000, Sikh 400,000, Hindu 350,000, Jewish
- 300,000 (1991 est.)
- note:
- the UK does not include a question on religion in its census
- Languages:
- English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of
- Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1991 est.)
- total population:
- 99%
- Labor force:
- 28.048 million
- by occupation:
- services 62.8%, manufacturing and construction 25.0%, government 9.1%,
- energy 1.9%, agriculture 1.2% (June 1992)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- United Kingdom
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- conventional short form:
- United Kingdom
- Abbreviation:
- UK
- Digraph:
- UK
- Type:
- constitutional monarchy
- Capital:
- London
- Administrative divisions:
- 47 counties, 7 metropolitan counties, 26 districts, 9 regions, and 3 islands
- areas
- England:
- 39 counties, 7 metropolitan counties*; Avon, Bedford, Berkshire, Buckingham,
- Cambridge, Cheshire, Cleveland, Cornwall, Cumbria, Derby, Devon, Dorset,
- Durham, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucester, Greater London*, Greater
- Manchester*, Hampshire, Hereford and Worcester, Hertford, Humberside, Isle
- of Wight, Kent, Lancashire, Leicester, Lincoln, Merseyside*, Norfolk,
- Northampton, Northumberland, North Yorkshire, Nottingham, Oxford,
- Shropshire, Somerset, South Yorkshire*, Stafford, Suffolk, Surrey, Tyne and
- Wear*, Warwick, West Midlands*, West Sussex, West Yorkshire*, Wiltshire
- Northern Ireland:
- 26 districts; Antrim, Ards, Armagh, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Banbridge,
- Belfast, Carrickfergus, Castlereagh, Coleraine, Cookstown, Craigavon, Down,
- Dungannon, Fermanagh, Larne, Limavady, Lisburn, Londonderry, Magherafelt,
- Moyle, Newry and Mourne, Newtownabbey, North Down, Omagh, Strabane
- Scotland:
- 9 regions, 3 islands areas*; Borders, Central, Dumfries and Galloway, Fife,
- Grampian, Highland, Lothian, Orkney*, Shetland*, Strathclyde, Tayside,
- Western Isles*
- Wales:
- 8 counties; Clwyd, Dyfed, Gwent, Gwynedd, Mid Glamorgan, Powys, South
- Glamorgan, West Glamorgan
- Dependent areas:
- Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands,
- Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Hong Kong (scheduled
- to become a Special Administrative Region of China on 1 July 1997), Jersey,
- Isle of Man, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, South Georgia and
- the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands
- Independence:
- 1 January 1801 (United Kingdom established)
- National holiday:
- Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen (second Saturday in June)
- Constitution:
- unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
- Legal system:
- common law tradition with early Roman and modern continental influences; no
- judicial review of Acts of Parliament; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction,
- with reservations
- Suffrage:
- 18 years of age; universal
- Executive branch:
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES
- (son of the Queen, born 14 November 1948)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- United Kingdom
- Government
- head of government:
- Prime Minister John MAJOR (since 28 November 1990)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet of Ministers
- Legislative branch:
- bicameral Parliament
- House of Lords:
- consists of a 1,200-member body, four-fifths are hereditary peers, 2
- archbishops, 24 other senior bishops, serving and retired Lords of Appeal in
- Ordinary, other life peers, Scottish peers
- House of Commons:
- elections last held 9 April 1992 (next to be held by NA April 1997); results
- - Conservative 41.9%, Labor 34.5%, Liberal Democratic 17.9%, other 5.7%;
- seats - (651 total) Conservative 336, Labor 271, Liberal Democratic 20,
- other 24
- Judicial branch:
- House of Lords
- Political parties and leaders:
- Conservative and Unionist Party, John MAJOR; Labor Party, Anthony (Tony)
- Blair; Liberal Democrats (LD), Jeremy (Paddy) ASHDOWN; Scottish National
- Party, Alex SALMOND; Welsh National Party (Plaid Cymru), Dafydd Iwan WIGLEY;
- Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland), James MOLYNEAUX; Democratic
- Unionist Party (Northern Ireland), Rev. Ian PAISLEY; Ulster Popular Unionist
- Party (Northern Ireland); Social Democratic and Labor Party (SDLP, Northern
- Ireland), John HUME; Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland), Gerry ADAMS
- Other political or pressure groups:
- Trades Union Congress; Confederation of British Industry; National Farmers'
- Union; Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
- Member of:
- AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CDB (non-regional),
- CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECA (associate), ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, ESCAP, FAO, G- 5,
- G- 7, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD,
- IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM
- (observer), ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, SPC, UN,
- UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR,
- UNPROFOR, UNRWA, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Sir Robin William RENWICK
- chancery:
- 3100 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 462-1340
- FAX:
- [1] (202) 898-4255
- consulate(s) general:
- Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San
- Francisco,
- consulate(s):
- Dallas, Miami, and Seattle
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Adm. William W. CROWE
- embassy:
- 24/31 Grosvenor Square, London, W. 1A1AE
- mailing address:
- PSC 801, Box 40, FPO AE 09498-4040
- telephone:
- [44] (71) 499-9000
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- United Kingdom
- Government
- FAX:
- [44] (71) 409-1637
- consulate(s) general:
- Belfast, Edinburgh
- Flag:
- blue with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) edged in
- white superimposed on the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint
- of Ireland) which is superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint
- Andrew (patron saint of Scotland); known as the Union Flag or Union Jack;
- the design and colors (especially the Blue Ensign) have been the basis for a
- number of other flags including dependencies, Commonwealth countries, and
- others
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- United Kingdom
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- The UK is one of the world's great trading powers and financial centers, and
- its economy ranks among the four largest in Western Europe. The economy is
- essentially capitalistic; over the past 13 years the ruling Tories have
- greatly reduced public ownership and contained the growth of social welfare
- programs. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by
- European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with only 1% of the
- labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil reserves, and
- primary energy production accounts for 12% of GDP, one of the highest shares
- of any industrial nation. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and
- business services, account by far for the largest proportion of GDP while
- industry continues to decline in importance, now employing only 25% of the
- work force and generating only 21% of GDP. The economy registered 4.2% GDP
- growth in 1994, its fastest annual rate for six years. Exports and
- manufacturing output are the primary engines of growth. Unemployment is
- gradually falling. Inflation is at the lowest level in 27 years, but British
- monetary authorities raised interest rates to 6.25% in 1994 in a preemptive
- strike on emerging inflationary pressures such as higher taxes and rising
- manufacturing costs. The combination of a buoyant economy and fiscal
- tightening is projected to trim the FY94/95 budget shortfall to about $50
- billion - down from about $75 billion in FY93/94. The major economic policy
- question for Britain in the 1990s is the terms on which it participates in
- the financial and economic integration of Europe.
- National product:
- GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.0452 trillion (1994 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- 4.2% (1994 est.)
- National product per capita:
- $17,980 (1994 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 2.4% (1994)
- Unemployment rate:
- 9.3% (1994)
- Budget:
- revenues:
- $325.5 billion
- expenditures:
- $400.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $33 billion (FY93/94 est.)
- Exports:
- $200 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)
- commodities:
- manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods,
- transport equipment
- partners:
- EU countries 56.7% (Germany 14.0%, France 11.1%, Netherlands 7.9%), US 10.9%
- Imports:
- $215 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)
- commodities:
- manufactured goods, machinery, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer
- goods
- partners:
- EU countries 51.7% (Germany 14.9%, France 9.3%, Netherlands 8.4%), US 11.6%
- External debt:
- $16.2 billion (June 1992)
- Industrial production:
- growth rate 5.6% (1994)
- Electricity:
- capacity:
- 65,360,000 kW
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- United Kingdom
- Economy
- production:
- 303 billion kWh
- consumption per capita:
- 5,123 kWh (1993)
- Industries:
- production machinery including machine tools, electric power equipment,
- automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor
- vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals,
- chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing,
- textiles, clothing, and other consumer goods
- Agriculture:
- accounts for only 1.5% of GDP; wide variety of crops and livestock products
- Illicit drugs:
- gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering the European market;
- producer of synthetic drugs; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin;
- money-laundering center
- Economic aid:
- donor:
- ODA and OOF commitments (1992-93), $3.2 billion
- Currency:
- 1 British pound (#) = 100 pence
- Exchange rates:
- British pounds (#) per US$1 - 0.6350 (January 1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6033
- (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990)
- Fiscal year:
- 1 April - 31 March
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- United Kingdom
- Transportation
-
-
- Railroads:
- total:
- 16,888 km; note - several additional small standard-gauge and narrow-gauge
- lines are privately owned and operated
- broad gauge:
- 330 km 1.600-m gauge (190 km double track)
- standard gauge:
- 16,558 km 1.435-m gauge (4,950 km electrified; 12,591 km double or multiple
- track)
- Highways:
- total:
- 360,047 km (includes Northern Ireland)
- paved:
- 360,047 km (includes Northern Ireland; Great Britain has 3,100 km limited
- access divided highway)
- Inland waterways:
- 2,291 total; British Waterways Board, 606 km; Port Authorities, 706 km;
- other, 979 km
- Pipelines:
- crude oil (almost all insignificant) 933 km; petroleum products 2,993 km;
- natural gas 12,800 km
- Ports:
- Aberdeen, Belfast, Bristol, Cardiff, Grangemouth, Hull, Leith, Liverpool,
- London, Manchester, Medway, Sullom Voe, Tees, Tyne
- Merchant marine:
- total:
- 155 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,249,823 GRT/3,978,336 DWT
- ships by type:
- bulk 11, cargo 24, chemical tanker 2, container 23, liquefied gas tanker 3,
- oil tanker 56, passenger 7, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1,
- roll-on/roll-off cargo 13, short-sea passenger 13, specialized tanker 1
- Airports:
- total:
- 505
- with paved runways over 3,047 m:
- 10
- with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
- 30
- with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
- 174
- with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 91
- with paved runways under 914 m:
- 172
- with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m:
- 1
- with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 27
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- United Kingdom
- Communications
-
-
- Telephone system:
- 30,200,000 telephones; technologically advanced domestic and international
- system
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- NA equal mix of buried cables, microwave and optical-fiber systems
- international:
- 40 coaxial submarine cables; 10 INTELSAT (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian
- Ocean), 1 INMARSAT, and 1 EUTELSAT earth satellite; at least 8 large
- international switching centers
- Radio:
- broadcast stations:
- AM 225, FM 525 (mostly repeaters), shortwave 0
- radios:
- 70 million
- Television:
- broadcast stations:
- 207 (repeaters 3,210)
- televisions:
- 20 million
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- United Kingdom
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Army, Royal Navy (includes Royal Marines), Royal Air Force
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 14,429,485; males fit for military service 12,041,935 (1995
- est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- exchange rate conversion - $35.1 billion, 3.1% of GDP (FY95/96)
-